Bloom’s Taxonomy is:
Knowledge Comprehension Application Analysis Synthesis Evaluation
* List, Name, Identify, Show, Define, Recognize, Recall, State, Visualize *Summarize, Explain, Interpret, Describe, Compare, Paraphrase, Differentiate, Demonstrate, Classify
*Solve, Illustrate, Calculate, Use, Interpret, Relate, Manipulate, Apply, Modify *Analyze, Organize, Deduce, Contrast, Compare, Distinguish, Discuss, Plan, Devise
*Design, Hypothesize, Support, Schematize, Write, Report, Justify *Evaluate, Choose, Estimate, Judge, Defend, Criticize
http://www.fctel.uncc.edu/pedagogy/basic...
I think this tool relates to instructional development. Every teacher should be aware of it.
I believe it is an improvement over Piagetianism. It is difficult to say in what way Piagetianism has made a lasting contribution to science education. It is striking that the stage theory is hardly mentioned in current literature. Alhough much literature of the seventies was very optimistic about its value, I think that we may conclude that nowadays most research is only globally influenced by Piagetian stage theory.
Since the late seventies, the rage is 'didactical constructivism' or 'alternative framework' movement. As Driver (1989) writes: "Curriculum is not that which is to be learned, but a programme of learning tasks, materials and resources which enable students to reconstruct their models of the world to be closer to those of school science". An important consequence of this view is that "the curriculum is not something that can be planned in an a priori way but is necessarily the subject of empirical enquiry".
Some advocate "top-down" curriculum development : its maxim was: "Make the subject teacher-proof."
A "bottom-up" kind of curriculum development generally results in rather different types of materials, with different aims and pretensions. These emphasise use of teaching methods that are manageable by teachers, give less emphasis to the scientific content and more to its possible relevance for students, are less glossy and more down to earth, and in some sense are less innovative and original but more usable and locally adaptable.
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