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Main article: Treaty of Kanagawa
(March 31, 1854), Japan's first treaty with a Western nation. Concluded by representatives of the United States and Japan at Kanagawa (now part of Yokohama), it marked the end of Japan's period of seclusion (1639–1854). The treaty was signed as a result of pressure from U.S. Commodore Matthew C. Perry, who sailed into Tokyo Bay with a fleet of warships in July 1853 and demanded that the...
effect on Japanese history
...by Western powers intent on opening Japan to trade and foreign intercourse. When the bakufu, despite opposition from the throne in Kyoto, signed the Treaty of Kanagawa (or Perry Convention; 1854) and the Harris Treaty (1858), the shogun's claim of loyalty to the throne and his role as “subduer of barbarians” came to be questioned. To...
role of:
Abe Masahiro
When Perry's fleet arrived in 1853, it was readily apparent that Japanese armaments were no match for the U.S. warships. After Perry returned the following February, Abe signed the Treaty of Kanagawa (March 31, 1854), opening Japan to limited communication with the United States. Similar treaties were concluded with Great Britain, Russia, and The Netherlands in the following months. Meanwhile,...
Ii Naosuke
...Others, however, urged that the intruders should be repelled by force if necessary. Because the Tokugawa government did not have the military capability to repulse the Americans, it signed the Perry Convention of 1854, which opened two ports to U.S. ships needing supplies and repairs. The task of arranging for trade, not covered in the Perry Convention, fell to Townsend Harris, who became...